Nam quốc sơn hà

Nam quốc sơn hà (Hán tự: 南國山河, mountains and rivers of the Southern country) is a famous Vietnamese poem which was written in Hán tự in 1077 by the Vietnamese general Lý Thường Kiệt (李常傑), asserting the sovereignty of Vietnam's rulers over its land. This poem is considered the first Vietnamese Declaration of independence.

Content

Original Chinese	Quốc Ngữ transliteration	Vietnamese translation	English translation ^[1]
南國山河南帝居截然定分在天書如何逆虜來侵犯汝等行看取敗虛	Nam quốc sơn hà nam đế cư Tiệt nhiên định phận tại thiên thư Như hà nghịch lỗ lai xâm phạm Nhữ đẳng hành khang thủ bại hư.	Sông núi nước Nam vua Nam ở, Rành rành định phận tại sách trời. Cớ sao lũ giặc sang xâm phạm, Chúng bay sẽ "bị" đánh tơi bời! (You will "be" suffer unbearable defeat!)	The Southern country's mountain and river the Southern Emperor in-habits. The separation is natural and allotted in Heaven's Book. If the bandits come to trespass it, You shall, in doing that, see yourselves to be handed with failure and shame! or The South nation resides the Southern Emperor This fate is written in the book of heaven By none reason you invade this soil (soil spelt like soul) As said you will be suffered a vanquishable destruction!

Declarations of independence of Vietnam

Nam quốc sơn hà (Lý Thường Kiệt) • Bình Ngô đại cáo (Nguyễn Trãi) • Tuyên ngôn độc lập (Hồ Chí Minh)